Proyecto 677 Lada class y 1650 Amur class diesel electric torpedo submarine

Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine
The new, fourth postwar generation Project 677 Lada class diesel-electric submarine is a successor to the Type 877EKM and Type 636 Kilo-class submarines. The Lada type is significantly smaller (1,600 tons D/W) than the previous Kilo type submarines (2,325 tons D/W), and generally configured for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, minelaying and special forces deployment.
The Project 1650 Amur, intended for export, is part of the same project and differ only in customer requirements and operational conditions. In 1989 the Rubin Marine Design Bureau in St. Petersburg was commissioned by the Russian Navy to design a new fourth-generation diesel-electric submarine. Rubin completed design work on a whole family of the Amur diesel-electric submarines with a displacement of 550 to 1,850 tons. The designers adopted essentially the same design and layout solutions for entire submarines and their separate subsystems, using unified or modified equipment.
The Amur class will also include provisions for a fuel cell plant that can be installed during construction or modernisation to give air independent propulsion with oxygen/hydrogen and electric/ chemical generators. However, the first submarines of the type will not be powered with such a plant. The reason is high cost of air-indipendent power plants, as well as higher level of fire safety required to operate them. The submarines powered with air-indipendent power plants may appear in the market not earlier than by 2003-2004. According to estimates, Kristall-27E AIP system will increase the Amur Class submarines’ submerged endurance by 15 to 45 days (the longer endurance is ensured by a short-term operation of the diesel engine in the snorkeling mode).
The submarines will have high submerged cruising range and endurance, combat efficiency and reliability, and low acoustic signature. The Amur is intended to be the most advanced export design to date, incorporating many of the signature-reduction technologies proven on the Project 636 Kilo, notably anechoic tile coatings and a skewed seven-bladed propeller. Their sonar equipment includes highly sensitive direct-listening transducers at the forward end and a towed transducer array. It will be outfitted with six torpedo tubes, and its 18 weapons will comprise a mix of torpedoes and torpedo-tube launched missiles. Measuring 67 metres in length and 7.2 metres wide, it will include an anechoic tile coating on the outer hull and a skewed 7-blade propeller. The vessel's surface speed will be 10 kt; submerged 21 kt. The submerged cruising range using economic speed is 500 nautical miles at 3 kt. The maximum diving depth is 250 m, with an endurance of 45 days with a crew of 34.
In addition:
§ acoustic field of the submarine has been considerably reduced (in comparison with submarines of previous generations – several times);
§ radio-electronic equipment of a new generation has been installed with a state-of-the-art element base;
§ an integrated system has been installed for automatic control of submarine and its combat and technical facilities;
§ an inertial navigation complex has been installed which provides safety of navigation and determination of motion parameters with specified missile armament accuracy during long underwater operation;
§ a variable-speed propulsion plant of a new design has been fitted;
§ a storage battery with increased service life has been installed.
New types of production and technological processes have been introduced in the course of construction, as follows:
§ a work bay has been equipped for production of non-penetrating retractable devices and hoist masts;
§ a testing bench has been produced for the above retractable devices and hoist masts;
§ a technology of installation of highly sensitive hydrophone antenna of sonar system “LIRA” has been developed and introduced;
§ a technology of application has been introduced for anti-sonar coating of a new generation “Molniya” (“Lightning”);
§ a technology of painting with “VICOR” of improved stability has been introduced.
As of mid-1999 no customer had been found for the Amur 1650-class export submarine laid down at Admiralty Shipyard on 26 December 1997, as India had apparently decided it was not interested in the boat. The similar Lada-class (some sources consider this to be a Project 877 boat) Sankt Petersburg was begun the same day at the same facility for the Russian Navy. As of January 2000 the Sankt Petersburg was said to be about 30% complete and the Amur 1650 about 7% complete. As of early 2001 Russian officials were predicting that the Sankt Petersburg would be launched during 2001.
As of 2002 work on the Sankt Petersburg was suspended.
The main objectives of the Russian Shipbuilding Agency for 2004 in the military sector included the delivery during the year of the Sankt Petersburg class diesel sub for the Russian and foreign customers; project 11356 frigate; mine sweeper; combat and patrol cutters, specialized and auxiliary ships (fire control, divers’, hydrographic, demagnetizing, floating berths).
On 28 October 2004 the Sankt Petersburg, honoring the 300th anniversary of the city, was launched at Admiralteyskiye Verfi. The conventionally powered fourth-generation submarine of the Lada project, designed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau, marked the introduction of one of the first submarines specifically built for the Russian Navy since the collapse of the USSR.
Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine
Specifications
Designation
Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class [export version]
Designer
Rubin
Builder
Admiralty Shipyard
Displacement:
1,675 tons surfaced2,800 tons surfaced
Speed (kts):
21 knots Full submerged speed
Dimensions (m):
67 meters long7.1 meters beamx? meters draft
Propulsion:
diesel and electric motors
Diving depth:
250 meters maximum submergence depth
Range:
6,000 miles submerged dieseling mode650 miles Submerged at cruising speed
Armament:

Missiles:
· Novator Al'fa or Oniks SSM
· RPK-6/SS-N-16 Vodopod/Stallion ASR
Torpedoes:
6/533 mm VA-111 (w: c/nucl) Total: 18
Sonar:
§ Active & passive bow & flank arrays
§ Towed array
Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine
Class Listing
Unit
Shipyard
Fleet
Chronology
Notes
#
number
Name
Laid Down
Launched
Comm.
Stricken
1
-----
St.Petersburg
SY 194

12/**/1997
28 Oct 2004
?

2002 - suspended2004 - completed
2
-----

SY 194

12/**/1997
----------
2002

for export
Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine

Project 677 Lada classProject 1650 Amur class Diesel-Electric Torpedo Submarine
References
§ UNDERWATER SEA HUNTERS Alexander Mozgovoi Military Parade #26 MARCH APRIL 1998
§ Amur Family Submarines Yuri Kormilitsin Military Parade
§ NICHES FOR RUSSIAN SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY ON THE WORLD MARKET Lev Klyachko, Vladimir Yefremenko Military Parade #29 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 1998
§ UNDERWATER SEA HUNTERS Alexander Mozgovoi Military Parade March/April 1998
§ Underwater Rivalry for the 21st Century Market Military Parade JULY 2000
§ Russian Submarines @ World Navies Today
§ Russian Submarine List @ Steel in the Deep Submarine Site